The tannery wastewater is a mixture of bio matter of hides and a large variety of organic and inorganic chemicals. This training material is primarily intended to meet the needs of tanners and people of different profiles associated with environmental protection in the leather industry in. Water and wastewater treatment technologies wastewater treatment technology for tanning industry r. Pollution control in leathertannery scribd read books. Ngt the national green tribunal today warned of complete closure of 700 tanneries located on the banks of river ganga at kanpur, terming them as one of the highest sources of pollution. Environmental pollution and mitigation measures is the result of a oneyear survey, study and laboratory tests. Leather processing involves a series of unit operations including pretanning, tanning, and posttanningfinishing 1. Tannery wastewater articles the environmental industry. To combat the heavy pollution load, leather researchers have developed several. The global environment is gradually worsening as a result of the socioeconomic activities of mankind. A s 2016 marched to a close, rumors and panic raced through the leather tanneries in the hazaribagh neighborhood of dhaka. Application of the treatment process in the industry and experimental results are also included in this book.
Wastes originate from all stages of leather making process, such as fine leather particles, residues from various chemical discharges and reagents from different waste liquors comprising of large pieces of leather cuttings, trimmings and gross shavings, fleshing residues, solid hair debris and remnants of paper bags. Policy framework for formulating environmental management. Kanpurs 700 tanneries major source of pollution in ganga. The report documents unprecedented environmental pollution in the tannery industry and compiles recommendations for mitigating pollution. Based on new data and requests from interested users, the revised second edition of the paper pollutants in tannery effluents was prepared drawing on technical inputs by j. Certain criterion was fundamental in writing this book. Characterization and pollution profile of leather tanning. Inside bangladeshs polluted, billiondollar leather industry. The tables below and the chart on overleaf may give a general idea, the usual reference being one tonne of wetsalted hides. Kanpur is the world famous for tannery industry after i. The industry was the second largest export sector of bangladesh in fy 20142015. Leather tanning industry plays significant role in economy of a country through employment and export earnings. Toxic chemicals used for leather production poisoning.
It is also very water absorbent, soft, and can be machine washed. According to srinivas et au, the effluents arising from tanneries of north arcot district of tamil nadu are generally. Treatment of complex tannery wastewater with paques technologies the hulshof royal dutch tanneries was founded in 1876. Wastewater treatment technology for tanning industry. Raising animals for food and leather requires huge amounts of feed, pastureland, water, and fossil fuels.
Sources of waste bharat tannery industry takes all the measures to limit the waste. Chromium and other chemicals are recovered in india, but technically and economically it is not possible to recover all the chromium or. Like synthetictanned leathers, aldehyde leather is white in color. Environmental protection agency epa has even acknowledged that livestock pollution is the. In late 90ies a number of studies dealing with various cleaner tanning methods, including the widely used paper the scope for decreasing pollution load in leather processing, were prepared to support different forms of training activities shopfloor demonstrations, pilot plants. Aug 27, 2010 this book will provide you information regarding the sources of water pollution, environmental impact of tannery waste water and detail treatment process. Eu tanners environmental costs are estimated at about 5 % of their turnover. After years of extensions and delays, the government would finally require the remaining 150 or so tanneries in this historically unregulated and polluted corner of bangladeshs capital city to shutter. Current mode of disposal of effluents tannery effluents tannery is one of the major industries responsible for water pollution problems of high magnitude. Leather industry utilizes almost 90% of chromiumbased tanning agent for. Tannin, trivalent chromium, proteinous matter, sulphides and high bodcod of the wastewater call for proper treatment. The ph of the wastewater was adjusted to 5, 6, 7 and 8 by adding acid or base as required. Toxic chemicals used for leather production poisoning indias.
Types, effects and control of industrial pollution. Tanning industry processes, pollution and pollution control content topic name page no introduction 01 forms of leather 0203 types of leather 0405 the leather production process 0510 chemicals used in leather processing 11 chrome tanning 14 tannery wastewater characteristics 15 environmental hazards of leather 16 pollution control 1719. There is a particular reference of the skin of elephant used as cloth by lord shiva in the hindu epic mahabharata. Of the 270 tannery units, 90% are located on 25 hectares of land in hazaribagh. The whole tannery industrial activity entails a series of tasks which pose threats to the ambient environment and health of working people. Even indias holiest river is not immune to the severe levels of pollution in the city. It uses ecofriendly chemicals and before disposing to the rivers or nearby water bodies it performs the screening operation and other treatments. Raw materials account for 50 to 70 % of production costs, labour 7 to 15 %, chemicals about 10 %, energy 3 %. Origin of leather skin was a valuable material even from the time of god. Necessity of tanning manufacturing process of leather raw materials and chemicals used for tanning waste characterization suggested treatment 3. Tanning industry also has one of the highest toxic intensity per unit of output. Leather production processes news newspapers books scholar jstor june 2014 learn how.
Ferrara worked in the tannery industry as a young man and said he quit after suffering health effects from chemical exposure. Around the world, the vast majority of the tannery industry run their operations with good pollution controls, and does not expose local populations to health risk. There are about 185 tannery industries are operating in hazaribagh. Tannery industries are key contributors in the economy of many developing countries, but unfortunately, they are also sources of major pollutants. Tannery effluent is among one of the most hazardous pollutants of industry. Kanpur, due to the leather industry, the ganga is mostly polluted. According to director ahmed shakeel, the company is a mediumsized tannery with 120 employees and a daily output of 6,000 hides. Leather comes at a price to indias workers pulitzer center. Inside bangladeshs polluted, billiondollar leather industry workers wash leather hides in open pits while wearing no shoes or gloves. Hides and skins have the ability to absorb tannic acid and other chemical substances that prevent them from decaying, make them resistant to wetting, and keep them supple and durable. We are making the ganges water black, said arun puree chaitnya, or baba gee, as he is known to his devout followers at his ashram on the banks of the ganges river. The city is now notorious for having some of the countrys worst water pollution problems yet the tannery industry continues to discharge waste water laced with toxic chemicals, such as chromium. The best books on pollution recommended by rebecca altman one of the themes that i hope shines through is the significance of the act of witnessing.
How leather is slowly killing the people and places that. Bd tannery workers demand environmentfriendly industry. Evaluation and characterization of tannery wastewater. Leather is a durable and flexible material created by the tanning of animal rawhide and skin, often cattle hide. The large shoe manufacturers carefully screen to make sure their suppliers have well. The toxic price of leather in india pulitzer center. A young neil sheehan described the cayadutta in a 1964 new york times article as thoroughly poisoned with sewage and household detergents and with animal grease, flesh, hair, dyes, and chemicals from its tanneries.
Again, lord shiva, the greatest destroyer in the hindu triad was used to sit on a tigers skin for his deep. Although the leather tanning industry primarily utilizes the waste from the meat industry, it also involves the usage of many chemicals to convert the raw material into finished product. The industries use raw materials, process them and produce finished products. Dhaka, july 9 unb leather industry workers on tuesday urged the government to build an environmentfriendly industry and ensure their rights. The tanning industry is a potentially pollutionintensive industry. Toxic load of tannery industries situated in kanpur.
Hence, tanning industry is considered as one of the primary leather processing units in the entire leather industry 3. Pollution by export oriented tannery industries, bangladesh. The tanning industry causes horrendous environmental pollution and high impact of tannery effluents makes its treatment an essential fact, mainly due to its volume, nature and concentration of pollutants such as tanning agents chromium and. Thus, leather industry consumes resources and produces pollutants which are toxic and hazardous to the environment. Introduction to treatment of tannery effluents 7 table 1.
Tanneries in bangladesh are largely export oriented and has been ranked as the 5th most polluting industry of the world by the blacksmith institutes report in 2010. Tanning industry is an important segment of unido technical assistance in promoting sustainable development. Pollution load was high from sizing, desizing and fancy dyeing sections. In an effort to reduce particulate pollution, the government gives each industry tradable allowances worth 75 tons of particulates. In order to provide daily needs of the growing population, different types of industries are setup to produce different products. Tannery pollution keep your surroundings clean make the. A study on palar river basin in india on free shipping on qualified orders. The chemical manufacturing industry and tannery in. The best books on pollution five books expert recommendations. The paper presents the main sources of pollution and typical pollution loads generated by tanning processes adopted by the tanneries in developing countries, volume s of wastewater discharged, the corresponding concentrations of main pollutants as well as the the table of widely prevailing discharge standards. If severe, water pollution can kill large number of fish, birds and other animals, in some cases killing all members of a species in an affected area. Physico chemical characterization of tannery effluent and its.
The leather industry is another heavypolluting industry which usually located in developing economies thanikaivelan et al. Leather produced in the city of kanpur, destined for western markets. Pollution control in leathertannery by raulsmiles in types school work. It can be produced at manufacturing scales ranging from artisan to modern.
A thorough tour through the tannery shows that most workers wear plastic gloves and boots but not all. Ecotoxicological diagnosis in the tanning industry mwinyikione. These books have all been influential, and as a result, all stand as testaments to the cascading influence one person can have. Discover everything scribd has to offer, including books and audiobooks from major publishers. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed tanning hide into leather involves a process which permanently alters the protein structure of skin, making it more durable and less susceptible to decomposition, and also possibly coloring it. Any tanners who wanted to remain in business would have to relocate. It can be produced through manufacturing processes ranging from cottage industry to industry. Mukesh doble, anil kumar kruthiventi, in green chemistry and engineering, 2007. Leather industry consumes a large amount of water so the availability of good quality water and the treatment of large amount of effluent are the two major issues. Leather tanning is a raw materials and labour intensive industry. The city of kanpur also known their pollution in world. As reported, for each ton of processed leather, more than 0. Sources of wastes in tannery industry waste management.
The company operates with good pollution controls, doesnt expose local populations to health risk. It was later shifted to hazaribagh a densely populated residential area of dhaka around 1950. Kandasamy encyclopedia of life support systemseolss biographical sketches summary the leather industry is a major industry on an international scale and is of significant economic importance. The tannery industry in hazaribagh, a densely populated area in dhaka city, is a fitting example of how industrial wastes in some instances can be dangerous and disastrous. A wide variety of tannery industry options are available to you, there are 1,536 suppliers who sells tannery industry on, mainly located in asia. The industry also plays a good role in creating employment. About half a million residents of the bangladesh capital, dhaka, are at risk of serious illness due to chemical pollution from tanneries near their homes, according to a report released last year by the bangladesh society for environment and human development sehd. The health repercussions of bangladeshs hazaribagh.
Animals on factory farms produce times as much excrement as the entire human population, without the benefit of waste treatment plants. The health repercussions of bangladeshs hazaribagh leather hrw. In 2009, the hazaribagh tannery issue was back in the high court, which found that despite directions being given eight years prior. Leather is often described as a biproduct of the meat industry. Leather processing involves a series of unit operations including pre. The leather manufacturing process is divided into three subprocesses. Of all natural environmental resources, water is the most severely threatened by pollution and tannery waste water is.
Wastewater screenings rubbish leathertanningand pollutioninturkey conclusions the leather processing industry, one of the most common agricultural activities in many countries, is of importance in terms of pollution control. Tanning industry processes, pollution and pollution control. Tanneries and pollution of the aberjona river since the early 1700s, the valley of the aberjona river has been the home of dozens of tanneries and piggeries. Tannery industry is making pronounced impacts on socioeconomics through employment and earning, yet the industry has gained a negative image in the society owing to the pollution it generates.
Leather industry is a major industry in bangladesh and the government of bangladesh has declared it as a priority sector. The tanning industry causes horrendous environmental pollution and high environmental. An example of mass balance in leather processing table 2. Jul 01, 2019 wastes originate from all stages of leather making process, such as fine leather particles, residues from various chemical discharges and reagents from different waste liquors comprising of large pieces of leather cuttings, trimmings and gross shavings, fleshing residues, solid hair debris and remnants of paper bags. In the present study, effluent samples were collected from a tannery in khartoum sudan. In upstate new york, life under leathers long shadow. The main impact of tannery pollution is chromium pollution due to presence of its compounds in the effluent discharges from this industry. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed tanning hide into leather involves a process which permanently alters the protein structure of skin, making it more durable and less susceptible to decomposition, and also possibly coloring it before tanning, the skins are dehaired, degreased, desalted and. Pdf solid wastes generation in the leather industry and. Physico chemical characterization of tannery effluent and. Pollution from the tanneries is destroying the ecology of the local ganges river and scarring residents in the form of lifethreatening illnesses. Of the wet salted hide purchased by the tannery only 3035% is potentially convertible into leather and of this amount, only some 30% is eventually converted into high quality leather with further 10% yielding lower grade material. During tanning process at least about 300 kg chemicals are added per ton of hides.
Aldehydetanned leather is the primary alternative to the most popular form of tanning, which uses chromium, instead leveraging glutaraldehyde or oxazolidine. Pdf solid wastes generation in the leather industry and its. In jajmau, kanpur, due to the leather industry, the ganga is mostly polluted. It is one of the largest european producers of high quality upholstery leather, processing many thousands of hides every week for the furniture and aviation industry. Besides the finished products, a good number of byproducts are produced. All of the billies ultimately used by the tannery come from farms supplying cheshirebased delamere dairy, which processes a third of the uks goat milk. Leather is a durable and flexible material created by tanning animal rawhide and skins. Jan 20, 2015 kanpurs 700 tanneries major source of pollution in ganga. Mar 19, 2016 the tanning industry causes horrendous environmental pollution and high impact of tannery effluents makes its treatment an essential fact, mainly due to its volume, nature and concentration of pollutants such as tanning agents chromium and tannin, colour, organic matter and others 5. To give an example of an efficient pollution prevention system, chromium loads per produced tonne are generally. The need for use of alternative to chemical methods to combat pollution problem have become necessary to protect the industry and to comply with the environmental norms.
Savar tannery estate should be built as modern and environmentfriendly. Schematic representation of leather production and type of pollutants released. The riley tannery and a few others were the only ones to economically survive into the middle of the 20th century. Major problems are due to wastewater containing heavy. Tannery effluents if disposed off without any treatment either on land or in inland surface waters may create severe problems leading to damage of the environment. The top countries of suppliers are india, china, and india, from which the percentage of tannery industry supply is 4%, 92%, and 4% respectively. Tanning is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. There are over 100 sites polluted by tannery operations in the blacksmith. The industry has a complex structure as far as the processes and chemicals used in the production are considered.